“When women fight, the typical understanding of them as supportive, cooperative and nurturing is stripped away, leaving a battleground which is unfamiliar to both combatants and spectators.“ — Catherine Colegrove

Unauthorized Homoerotic Readings

The dangers of an unauthorized homoerotic reading seem to have been appreciated at the time. Thus, as here, the visual image can be manipulated to heterosexualize the message, and the woman plays the crucial role: the man in the upper left (one of the title characters in fact) has been replaced by a woman in the right-hand version. The malleability of the product is such that even the title can be changed. At the least, the insertion of the female changes the dynamics and offers a different visual narrative to the all male version.

The Arena (2001): A still image from the 2001 remake of The Arena